The second-most common type of cancer affecting individuals in the country, if the test for lung cancer comes up with positive results, the treatment will depend on multiple factors. Things like the type, stage, and severity of cancer, patient’s health and medical history are considered before selecting the treatment method. Mentioned below are multiple ways in which cases of lung cancer can be treated. Treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Initial stage: Surgery is done to remove the lymph nodes. If due to any reason, surgery is ruled out, radiotherapy is carried out. Chemotherapy could be done after surgery or after radiotherapy. Locally advanced: This is stage III of cancer and can be treated by either surgery or radiotherapy, followed by chemotherapy. The decision will be based on how aggressively the cancer has spread. Advanced: Palliative radiation therapy, palliative chemotherapy, and targeted therapy can be considered to alleviate pain and improve quality of life. Treatment for small cell lung cancer (SCLC): In stages I-III of SCLC, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are offered. Surgery is normally not necessary at these stages. In stage IV, the main treatment is palliative chemotherapy. If cancer has spread to other parts of the body, palliative radiotherapy may be done.

In the advanced stages of liver cancer, cancer cells spread to other organs, because of which it cannot be treated with surgery. The lymph nodes may also be affected at this stage. The treatment options for the advanced stages of liver cancer are: Tumor ablation For tumors smaller than 3 cm, ablation can be done. This treatment is used to destroy the tumor without removing the liver. It is a good option for patients who cannot undergo surgery. The different ablation procedures are: Thermal ablation: Heat is used to destroy the tumor. The heat may be from radio waves (radiofrequency ablation) or microwaves (microwave ablation). In this procedure, the patient is first sedated through the use of general or local anesthesia. A fine needle is inserted into the liver where the tumor is. A CT scan or an ultrasound scan may be used for guidance in inserting the needle at the right spot. Then, heat waves are sent through the needle. The treatment takes about 1-2 hours. An overnight stay is recommended for observation. Alcohol injection: Pure alcohol is injected into the tumor using needles. The surgeon may use scans to guide the needle to the right spot. More than one injection may be required.

Oral cancer is a form of cancer that affects the lips, mouth or throat. Nowadays, a lot of people develop oral cancer because of poor lifestyle choices. People will often take their oral health for granted and will not pay attention to the early signs of this disease. As a result, their condition may become severe. To stop oral cancer in the early stages, one should undergo oral cancer examinations regularly, particularly if one is at high risk due to factors like consumption of tobacco, smoking, and so on. There are certain steps involved in oral cancer examinations to check for the early symptoms of this condition: Extraoral examination: Face First, the doctor will examine the face during an oral cancer examination. They will check the symmetry of the face and look for any irregularities like swelling, asymmetry, discoloration, masses, or ulceration. The doctor will examine each and every section of the face, including the scalp. Lips The doctor will also examine the patient’s lips by checking its texture and color. They will perform this examination by opening the mouth and checking the symmetry of the lower lip. Gums Next, the doctor will check the condition of the gums by raising the upper and lower lips.

Stomach cancer occurs when malignant cells develop in the inner lining of the stomach. It is also known as gastric cancer and grows slowly over a period of time. Diagnosing this disease is quite difficult. The initial symptoms include a sensation of feeling full even after eating a small quantity of food, feeling bloated, difficulty swallowing or dysphagia, severe persistent heartburn, indigestion, burping, and vomiting. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) states that every year, 1.7 percent of all cancer cases in the country are stomach cancer, and it is the third leading cause of death due to cancer. Types of stomach cancer Adenocarcinoma Most stomach cancer patients (about 90% -95%) have adenocarcinomas. In this case, malignant cells develop in the innermost lining of the stomach. Lymphoma It occurs in the lymphatic system, and since lymph tissues are present on the wall of the stomach, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma may develop in this organ. It is a rare type of gastric cancer and occurs in only 4 percent of cases. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) It develops in the interstitial cells of the Cajal on the inner lining of the stomach. It is also a rare form of gastric cancer and may occur in any organ of the digestive tract.

Chemotherapy is one of the main forms of treatment that is used in curing cancer. In this process, drugs are given to prevent the active cancerous cells from proliferating. The dividing cells are killed with the help of these drugs. In every stage of cancer, a different type of chemotherapeutic drug is given that acts differently to cure the disease. In this article, the technologies and methodology adopted to give chemotherapeutic drugs will be discussed. How does chemotherapy work? The chemotherapy procedure involves the administration of several or a single drug. This generally works by stopping the multiplication of the cancerous cells. Some of the pathways of action of chemotherapeutic drugs are explained below: Mitosis is the process by which the cancerous cells divide uncontrollably. Some of the cytotoxic drugs block the mitotic division. Some other drugs generally target the discontinuation of the supply of food source in the form of enzyme and hormones to the cancerous cells. The apoptosis of the cancerous cells is also triggered by a certain class of drugs. The tumor cells are made to starve by blocking the blood vessels that supply the tumor for healthy growth. Methods of administering chemotherapy There are several methods by which medical professionals conduct the chemotherapy process.